The Republic of Namibia is a multi-party, unitary republic and one of the most politically stable, well-developed countries in Africa. Since it obtained its independence from South Africa in 1990,   the country has established a constitution recognized as one of the most democratic in the world.

The Head of State is the executive President who is directly elected by the people (he must obtain at least 50% of the votes) for a maximum term of 5 years and for a maximum of two terms. He appoints a Prime Minister and Council of Ministers.

There is a two-chamber parliament. The lower chamber comprises a National Assembly of 72 members, elected every five years through a party-list. The upper chamber represents the various regional councils.

Justice is administered by an independent judiciary system acting through open courts. The constitution places heavy emphasis on the protection of human rights and liberties and firm restrictions on the power of the executive. The basic freedoms of thought, speech and the press, of religion and association are guaranteed by a bill of rights and are "non-derogative" (no government however well supported, may remove or dilute them).

Laws regulating the mining industry insure the security of tenure and offer protection from expropriation and the repatriation of profits.